 Biggest And Common Reason Of Ovarian Cancer
Biggest And Common Reason Of Ovarian Cancer
1. This is the fifth most common cancer in women Although ovarian cancer is  technically classed as a rare cancer (the common ones are breast, bowel,  lung and prostate) it still affects around 6,700 women each year in the  UK.
 
Risk varies from woman to woman and depends on how old you are, your genes and your lifestyle.
 
A woman has a one in 50 chance of  developing the disease over her lifetime, according to charity Target  Ovarian Cancer. But the risk rises as you get older, with four in five  cases occurring after the age of 50.
 
2. It’s a bigger threat than cervical cancer
 
We’ve all heard of cervical cancer, thanks to NHS screening using the smear test.
 
No wonder a survey by Target Ovarian  Cancer found that nearly half of women think cervical cancer is more of a  threat than ovarian cancer.
 
Sadly, this isn’t true. Ovarian cancer kills around 4,500 women a year compared to just under 1,000 cervical cancer deaths.
 
The reason cervical cancer deaths are  so low is because most women go for regular smears Cancer Research UK  estimates the test saves 4,500 lives a year.
 
3. There ARE some early symptoms
 
It was thought that symptoms didn’t  show themselves until the cancer had become advanced. But it’s now known  this isn’t the case.
 
Research shows that women do get  symptoms in the early stages of the disease but a lack of awareness  along with the fact that symptoms are quite general means they’re often  missed until it’s too late.
 
In 2008, according to the NHS National Awareness and Early Diagnosis Initiative identified the top three symptoms of ovarian cancer as:
 
- Persistent pelvic or stomach pain.
- Increased tummy size and persistent bloating as opposed to bloating that comes and goes.
- Difficulty eating and feeling full quickly on most days.
 
Less common symptoms are:
 
- The need to wee suddenly or more often.
- Changes in bowel habit, for instance constipation or diarrhoea.
- Feeling tired all the time.
- Back pain.
 
But a survey by Ovarian Cancer Action revealed that 80% of women would not recognise any of these signs.
 
Consultant gynaecology oncologist Dr  Khalil Razvi of Southend University Hospital advises: “See your GP if  you have persistent symptoms for four weeks or longer. Chances are it’s  not ovarian cancer but any symptoms, especially pain, that last this  long needs to be investigated. And if it does turn out to be ovarian  cancer, the sooner you’re diagnosed and treated, the better your  survival chances.”
 
4. More than 70% survive if it’s caught early
 
If it’s diagnosed in the early  stages, the good news is that more than 70% of women will survive this  disease. But at the moment we have the worst survival rate in Europe two-thirds of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer won’t survive beyond  five years.
 
Knowing the symptoms is crucial, if  you’re worried, keep track of yours with Ovarian Cancer Action’s new  online symptoms diary. Fill it in and take it along to your GP.
 
Visit www.ovarian.org.uk
 
5. It may be mistaken for IBS
 
GPs have often been accused of not  being sufficiently aware of ovarian cancer symptoms. Indeed, in 2009 the  Pathfinder Study for Target Ovarian Cancer found that three-quarters of  them were not familiar with Department of Health guidelines on symptoms  and diagnosis.

 
“I think GPs are becoming more aware  of early symptoms, but there’s a constant stream of new research coming  out on so many conditions,” says Dr Razvi. “The average GP will only see  one case of ovarian cancer every five years. Another problem is that  the symptoms are also symptoms for a wide range of illnesses, so ovarian  cancer may not be the first thing that comes to mind.”
 
It’s often confused with irritable  bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects one in five women, as well as side  effects of hormone replacement therapy.
 
Dr Razvi says: “Don’t be afraid to  ask your GP if he or she has considered the possibility of cancer if  your symptoms are similar to those established by the National Awareness  and Early Diagnosis Initiative.” See-3 
 
6. It doesn’t just affect older women
 
Although most women who develop ovarian cancer are over 50, certain types can affect women as young as 20.
 
“In this case, symptoms are more  likely to be mistaken for other gynaecological problems, like fibroids  or endometriosis,” says Dr Razvi. You’re more likely to develop it young  if you have two or more close relatives who’ve had ovarian or breast  cancer, which may be linked to specific genetic faults.
 
This is more common in women of  Jewish, Polish, Icelandic and Pakistani descent and more significant the  younger they were when they developed the cancers.
 
“If you’re concerned about your  family history, tell your GP who can refer you to a genetics clinic for  an assessment,” says Dr Razvi.
 
However, it’s important to note that nine out of 10 ovarian cancers have nothing to do with genes.
 
7. A clear smear does not rule it out
 
The smear test is designed solely to  pick up cell changes that may lead to cervical cancer and has nothing to  do with ovarian cancer. However, a 2007 survey by Target Ovarian Cancer  suggested that up to half of all women wrongly believe that a clear  smear test means they’re free from ovarian cancer, too.
 
8. The Pill lowers your risk
 
This is good news for women who’ve taken the combined oral contraceptive pill for five or more years.
 
“Research shows that after five  years, it reduces risk by nearly 30%, with benefits lasting up to 30  years afterwards,” says Dr Razvi.
 
After 15 years of taking the Pill, risk is reduced by half, according to Cancer Research UK.
 
“This is thought to be because being  on the Pill stops ovulation. We also know that the risk of ovarian  cancer is lower in women who’ve had children than those who haven’t. The  more children a woman has, and the longer she breastfeeds for, the  lower her risk.
 
“One theory is that ovulation may  damage the lining of the ovaries so the less often a woman ovulates, the  less damage to her ovary lining. However it hasn’t been proven,” says  Dr Razvi.
 
9. Fighting the flab will reduce your risk
 
Obese women who’ve passed the menopause are up to 80% more likely to get ovarian cancer, according to a study in the US.
 
Aim for a waist size below 32 inches  and preferably below 30. This will also substantially reduce your risk  of other conditions, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
 
Some research suggests that regular  exercise reduces risk of ovarian, breast and bowel cancers, though this  could be partly because it helps keep your weight under control.
 
One large Scandinavian study showed  women who exercised for at least four hours a week reduced their risk by  more than two-thirds.
 
10. Scientists are working on a screening test
  
At the moment there’s no screening programme for ovarian cancer. But a clinical trial into the potential benefits is now being carried out on 200,000 women.